![]() ![]() ![]() If given this opportunity, children develop a sense of initiative and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions. In addition to studying brain damaged patients, we can find out about the working of the brain in three other ways.Ĭhildren begin to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others. The brain can influence many types of behavior. Scientists have only just “scratched the surface” of understanding the many functions of the workings of the human brain. It is important to appreciate that the human brain is an extremely complicated piece of biological machinery. Methods of Studying the Brain Methods of Studying the Brain For example, Bouchard and McGue included many poorly performed and biased studies in their meta-analysis.Īlso, studies comparing the behavior of twin raised apart have been criticized as the twins often share similar environments and are sometimes raised by non-parental family member. However, there are methodological flaws which reduce the validity of twin studies. Non-identical twins reared together =.The correlation figures below represent the average degree of similarity between the two people (the higher the similarity, the more similar the IQ scores). Thus, if concordance rates (which can range from 0 to 100) are significantly higher for identical twins than for fraternal twins, then this is evidence that genetics play an important role in the expression of that particular behavior.īouchard and McGue (1981) conducted a review of 111 worldwide studies which compared the IQ of family members. Identical twins have the same genetic make-up, and fraternal twins have just 50 percent of genes in common. Twins are said to be disconcordant for a trait if one shows it, and the other does not. Twins are concordant for a trait if both or neither of the twins exhibits the trait. Research using twin studies looks for the degree of concordance (or similarity) between identical and fraternal (i.e., non-identical) twins. Dizygotic = non-identical twins (share 50% genetic information, similar to siblings).Monozygotic = identical twins (share 100% genetic information).In other words, if heredity (i.e., genetics) affects a given trait or behavior, then identical twins should show a greater similarity for that trait compared to fraternal (non-identical) twins. Twin studies provide geneticists with a kind of natural experiment in which the behavioral likeness of identical twins (whose genetic relatedness is 1.0) can be compared with the resemblance of dizygotic twins (whose genetic relatedness is 0.5). Investigation of Inheritance Investigation of Inheritance For example, we might want to know whether high intelligence is inherited from one generation to the next.Įach of these biological aspects, the comparative, the physiological (i.e., the brain) and the genetic, can help explain human behavior. Investigation of inheritance: what an animal inherits from its parents, mechanisms of inheritance (genetics). For example, we could ask how prescribed drugs to treat depression affect behavior through their interaction with the nervous system.ģ. Physiology: how the nervous system and hormones work, how the brain functions, how changes in structure and/or function can affect behavior. This can help in the search to understand human behavior.Ģ. ![]() Comparative method: different species of animal can be studied and compared. A biological perspective is relevant to the study of psychology in three ways:ġ. All thoughts, feeling & behavior ultimately have a biological cause. Therefore, all that is psychological is first physiological. ![]() It is the only approach in psychology that examines thoughts, feelings, and behaviors from a biological and thus physical point of view. The biological approach believes behavior to be as a consequence of our genetics and physiology. Biological psychology examines the relationship between mind and body, neural mechanisms, and the influence of heredity on behavior. Biological psychology, also called physiological psychology, is the study of the biology of behavior it focuses on the nervous system, hormones and genetics. ![]()
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